![]() ![]() Bone China – This was developed in England in 1748 to compete with imported porcelain.They are fired at lower temperatures than hard paste porcelain and so are generally less hard. It is made from kaolin clay mixed with quartz, feldspar or other rocks from the same family. Soft paste porcelain – which dates back to the early attempts by European potters to replicate Chinese porcelain.This allowed the pieces to be fired at lower temperatures. Later the composition of the Meissen hard paste was changed and alabaster was replaced by feldspar and quartz. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in Germany in the early 18th century. It has great hardness, translucency and strength. It is made from kaolin and alabaster and is fired at temperatures up to 1400 degrees Celsius. Hard paste porcelain – originally East Asia, especially China.Stoneware – a vitreous or semi-vitreous (glass-like in appearance) ceramic made from primarily stoneware clay or non-refractory fire clay.Earthenware – which can be glazed or unglazed, and is non-vitreous pottery which has normally been fired below 1200 degrees Celsius.Pottery – which is made by forming, usually, clay into a object and then heating it to a high temperature in a kiln.There are several different categories of ceramic bodies. Ceramics have been discovered in the Czech Republic that date back to 29000 – 25000BC. The earliest ceramics made by humans were pottery objects such as pots, vessels or figurines made from clay, either by itself or mixed with other materials like silica, hardened and sintered in fire. ![]() The word ‘ceramic’ comes from the Greek word keramikos, meaning ‘of’ or ‘for pottery’.Ī ceramic is a hard, corrosion and heat resistant material made by shaping and then firing a solid inorganic non-metallic compound, such as clay, at a high temperature. This article is a brief guide to the history of ceramics, the types of manufacture and bodies used and identifying marks together with a guide to dating them. ![]()
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